Forging machine

ABSTRACT

A forging machine having a pair of opposed double-arm levers pivotably mounted on eccentric shafts. One end of each arm includes a trunnion having a shaft body or bushing for receiving a tool carrier and a tool. The tool and tool carrier are preferably in the form of pistons slidably mounted in corresponding cylindrical guides. An indicating device is coupled to each trunnion to measure the displacement of the respective tool, and worm gears are threadably coupled to the eccentric shafts of the double-arm levers so that the pivot axes of the levers can be adjusted laterally with respect to the forging axis.

United States Patent 1 1 Ribback 1 June 10, 1975 [54] FORGING MACHINE3,690,142 9/1972 Blaimschein 72/402 [76] Inventor: Bernd Ribback, Rue deMertert 48, I

wasserbming/Luxl Germany Primary Exammerl\ lilton S. Mehr Attorney,Agent, or Firm-Allison C. Collard [22] Filed: Jan. 7, 1974 [21] App].No.: 431,470 [57] ABSTRACT A forging machine having a pair of opposeddouble- [30] Foreign Application Priority Data arm levers pivotablymounted on eccentric shafts. One Jan 12 1973 Germany N 2301537 end ofeach arm includes a trunnion having a shaft body or bushing forreceiving a tool carrier and a tool. 52 us. Cl 72/407; 72/452 T 1001Carrier Preferably in the form of 511 Im. C1 821; 9/18 1 x 9 3"cPrresponding Cylindrical [58] Fidd of Search 72/450 36 429, 407, 402,gtudes. An indicating device 18 coupled to each tron- 72/452 404 mon tomeasure the displacement of the respectlve tool, and worm gears arethreadably coupled to the [56] References a eccentric shafts of thedouble-arrn levers so that the UNITED STATES PATENTS pivot axes of thelevers can be HClJLlSICd laterally with respect to the forging axis.2,798,945 3/1974 Rlbback H 72/452 3,621,702 11/1971 Kralowetz 72/452 5Claims, 1 Drawing Figure 16 I5 15 I4 15 I4 4111 /\Y (,L/ l 9 LL 5 I] dl0 I0 I Q in 4- 4- I x \\*i n\ $1 l 1 7 3 3 7 1 11 i a 1 l J 1. l 1 7 E5 I 1 i I ll; M a f 7 llll. '1 1 I FORGING MACHINE The present inventionrelates to a forging machine for forming metal in the plastic state,having one or more tool carriers for forming materials either bypressing, forging or the like. The tool carriers are mounted ondouble-arm type levers which are in turn mounted on pivotable axes. Onboth sides of the pivot axes, at the end of each lever arm are mountedmeans for producing the drive moment for the form shaping, or therelease moment for the shaped article. A large mechanical advantage onthe smaller lever arms makes it possible to obtain large shaping forceson the longer lever arms with a relatively small exertion of force.

This type of machine is thus exceptionally well suited for plasticforming. The tools can be rapidly brought to the material. The toolpositions, which are lateral with respect to the common forging axis,can be easily adjusted by mounting the pivot axes to rotatable andadjustable eccentrics.

The invention takes note of the basic conception that the effectiveforces, which run from the lever arms laterally to the linear forgingaxis, are in an arcuate direction, thus causing a partly circularmovement of the tool carriers, resulting in a poor and inexact forging.

It is therefore an object of this invention to prevent and eliminatepoor and inexact forgings during operation of the device. Therefore,each driven tool, which is mounted on two armed levers pivotally arounda respective pivot axis, is guided in a linear direction laterally withrespect to the forging axis.

The invention is shown schematically in the drawing, by means of anexample, constituted by a sole FIGURE which is a partiallycross-sectional view.

An exemplary forging machine of the subject invention essentiallyconsists of a pair of double-armed levers 1, 2 which are pivotablyreciprocated at their outer ends about pivot axes 3 3, for respectivetools 10 of the machine. This drive is performed with a central,eccentric drive shaft 4 and by pressure elements 5, 6. To position thetools, the pivot axes 3 of the levers 1 and 2 are rotatably mounted attheir other ends on eccentric shafts 7 7 and are adjustable laterallywith respect to a common linear forging axis 9, by means of respectiveworm gear drives 8 8.

It is an object of the subject invention that each forming tool 10,driven by the respective pivotable lever l, 2 around the pivot axes 3,is in the form of a piston, guided linearly and laterally with respectto the linear forging axis 9. In the embodiment shown, the forming tools10 are mounted on linear carriers 11. The ends of levers l and 2, whichpivot around their pivot axes 3, are in the form of couple trunnions l212 which axially engage shaft bodies or bushings 13 13. The lat ter 13are rotatably moveable in the linear carriers 11 or directly in thetools 10, laterally with respect to the linear forging axis 9.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the tool carriers 11 are in theform of pistons which are guided for reciprocation along the forgingaxis, namely in cylinders 14 14 that are disposed laterally with respectto the forging axis 9, axially on both sides of the rotatably moveableshaft bodies 13, as can be seen in the drawing.

It is another object of the invention to externally indicate the strokepositions of the tool carriers 11 and tools 10, and not the strokemovements. For this purpose, adjustable indicating means 15 15 areprovided. Associated fingers l6 16 are spaced apart from each other andcorrespond to the stroke paths, so that they are only engaged by theouter ends of the respective strokes and thus displaced.

in the forging machine of the above type, a plurality of the linearlyguided forging tools 10 and their carriers 11, together with theirassociated pivot lever arms 1, 2, axes 3 and trunnions 12 may beassembled in series into a single machine unit, coaxially with respectto the forging axis 9. In this way, it is possible to pre-forge andrough forge as well as perform the finished forging of a piece ofmaterial at the same high temperature or from the same batch, and in asingle shaping step.

While only a single embodiment of the present invention has been shownand described, it will be obvious to those persons skilled in the artthat many changes and modifications may be made thereto withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

l. A forging machine for providing linear movements for at least twoforging tools along a common forging axis, despite arcuate movements ofthe associated drive, the machine comprising: two double-arm leverspivotably disposed adjacent one another and having respective pivotaxes, for actuating the tools; linear displacement means for couplingthe tools to outer arms of said levers, and for guiding the tools inareas that are laterally within the forging axis, so that the toolsrecip rocate linearly therealong; the tools having respective carrierscoaxially aligned on the forging axis for linearly moving the tools intorespective operative positions; said linear displacement means includingcoupling trunnions formed on said outer lever arms, having extensionssubstantially perpendicular to those of the respective carriers,bushings partly rotatable in said carriers and axially engaged by saidtrunnions for pivotably mounting and supporting said carriers, saidbushings having bores therein for slidably journaling said trunnions,and cylindrical guides disposed laterally with respect to the forgingaxis and mounted coaxially opposite one another, for linearly guidingterminal portions of said carriers as well as the tools by theintermediary of said bushings, for linear reciprocation along theforging axis; said drive for the tools including two pressureelementlevers pivotable about a central, eccentric drive shaft and pivotablyconnected to other lever arms, opposite said terminal portions of thecarriers, for imparting reciprocatory arcuate movements to said levers;and wherein said trunnions of the linear displacement means providecompensation between the arcuate movements of said outer lever arms andthe linear movements of said carriers.

2. The forging machine as defined in claim 1, wherein said carriers andthe tools constitute respective pistons which are slidable in saidguides at said outer lever arms.

3. The forging machine as defined in claim 1, further comprisingdisplaceable indicator means for determining the respective strokepositions of said carriers and of the tools in said guides, and fordisplaying the ends of the stroke paths.

4. The forging machine as defined in claim 1, further comprising meansfor individually adjusting the centers of the pivot axes of said leversin respective directions lateral of and substantially parallel with theforging axis.

the angular directions of the pivot axes and thereby the areas of toolmovement within which their respective stroke paths become effective.

1. A forging machine for providing linear movements for at least twoforging tools along a common forging axis, despite arcuate movements ofthe associated drive, the machine comprising: two double-arm leverspivotably disposed adjacent one another and having respective pivotaxes, for actuating the tools; linear displacement means for couplingthe tools to outer arms of said levers, and for guiding the tools inareas that are laterally within the forging axis, so that the toolsreciprocate linearly therealong; the tools having respective carrierscoaxially aligned on the forging axis for linearly moving the tools intorespective operative positions; said linear displacement means includingcoupling trunnions formed on said outer lever arms, having extensionssubstantially perpendicular to those of the respective carriers,bushings partly rotatable in said carriers and axially engaged by saidtrunnions for pivotably mounting and supporting said carriers, saidbushings having bores therein for slidably journaling said trunnions,and cylindrical guides disposed laterally with respect to the forgingaxis and mounted coaxially opposite one another, for linearly guidingterminal portions of said carriers as well as the tools by theintermediary of said bushings, for linear reciprocation along theforging axis; said drive for the tools including two pressureelementlevers pivotable about a central, eccentric drive shaft and pivotablyconnected to other lever arms, opposite said terminal portions of thecarriers, for imparting reciprocatory arcuate movements to said levers;and wherein said trunnions of the linear displacement means providecompensation between the arcuate movements of said outer lever arms andthe linear movements of said carriers.
 2. The forging machine as definedin claim 1, wherein said carriers and the tools constitute respectivepistons which are slidable in said guides at said outer lever arms. 3.The forging machine as defined in claim 1, further comprisingdisplaceable indicator means for determining the respective strokepositions of said carriers and of the tools in said guides, and fordisplaying the ends of the stroke paths.
 4. The forging machine asdefined in claim 1, further comprising means for individually adjustingthe centers of the pivot axes of said levers in respective directionslateral of and substantially parallel with the forging axis.
 5. Theforging machine as defined in claim 4, further comprising eccentricshafts for pivotably mounting said levers at the respective pivot axes;and wherein said individual adjusting means is constituted by worm-geardrives respectively coupled to said shafts for changing the angulardirections of the pivot axes and thereby the areas of tool movementwithin which their respective stroke paths become effective.